4cd 5alpha-dhp aav abstinence acetylcholine acth active addiction adolescence adrenergics adx allopregnanolone alpha-helical_crf amphetamine amygdala angiotensin antipsychotics anxiety ataxia bbb bdnf behavior bicuculline bnst bzd cannabinoids cerebellum c-fos circadian clonazepam cocaine cogn cognition corticosterone cpp crf csf cues darpp-32 depression dex dopamine dsp-4-hydrochloride dxm emg epilepsy epm escalation estrogen estrus ethanol etifoxine extinction fgin1-27 fgin1-44 finasteride flumazenil fluoxetine footshock fusarate gaba galanin galnon gcms glucocorticoids glutamate gr heroin hippocampus hpa human icss icv iliad imipramine indomethacin intracranial jc kainate lcms ltp mapk mdma memory methamphetamine methods metyrapol metyrapone microdialysis mouse mpf mpfc mr muscimol nacc nas nicotine noncontingent norepinepherine novelty nps obesity opioid opioids oxazepam pain pentobarbital pgp photoperiod pk11195 porsolt pr pregnenolone pregnenolone_sulfate print progesterone pvn rat reinforcement reinstatement reward ros saccharine seizures self-administration sensitization serotonin simulation social-isolation-stress stress striatum temazepam thdoc treatment trilostane vasopressin vta western withdrawal